Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―New York Global Science Conference 2026‖ (March 6-8, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – New York, USA, 2026. - 250 p.

73 The rapid development of swarm unmanned aerial systems and the growing demands for their autonomous operation lead to increased attention to the energy efficiency of telecommunication MESH networks. In practical scenarios of drone usage, the ability to maintain communication for a long time without recharging is a critical factor. One of the key problems of swarm MESH networks is the uneven distribution of energy load among nodes, which leads to premature failure of individual elements and degradation of connectivity. Traditional single-level clustering schemes, such as LEACH, do not provide sufficiently uniform distribution of energy load among nodes. This necessitates the development of new network organization models. The aim of the study is to develop and substantiate a multilevel cluster model for energy conservation in swarm MESH drone networks. A swarm telecommunication system of drones is considered as a dynamic wireless network with a MESH topology, in which each node combines the functions of a data source, relay, and router. The network consists of a set of drones, where each drone is characterized by current spatial coordinates that change over time due to the mobility of the swarm. The transmission of information in a swarm MESH network is carried out in a multi-hop mode. The energy cost for transmitting a data packet of size bits from node to node is described by the mathematical model: where is the energy required to operate the transmitter's electronic circuits, is the signal amplifier coefficient, and $\alpha$ is the path loss exponent. The energy cost for receiving a packet is determined by the dependence: since the power amplifier is not involved at this stage. To reduce the energy costs inherent in a flat MESH topology, a multilevel cluster organization of the swarm drone network is introduced. The main idea of the approach is to form a hierarchy of nodes, within which some drones temporarily perform the functions of traffic aggregation and routing, relieving excess load from the rest of the network.