Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, Technology and Culture in the Era of Globalization‖ (December 24-26, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Geneva, Switzerland, 2026. – 234 p.

6 BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY UDC 314.1 Bachynska Khrystyna Student Scientific supervisor: Tkachenko Tetiana Ph.D. in Biological sciences, Associate Professor National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine GLOBAL BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION SYSTEM: THE IMPACT OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS ON PATENT LAW AND NATIONAL SCIENCE POLICY Abstract . This paper analyses the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in shaping the global ecosystem of biotechnological innovation. The mechanisms of influence of large capital on international intellectual property regimes, in particular through the TRIPS Agreement (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) and TRIPS-plus standards, are examined. Strategies of patent control, such as evergreening and the creation of patent thickets, used by TNCs to ensure market exclusivity in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors are highlighted. Keywords : biotechnology, transnational corporations (TNCs), intellectual property, TRIPS, patent strategy, science policy, innovation.