Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science and Innovation Today‖ (January 12-14, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Warsaw, Poland, 2026. – 148 p.

32 Recent international research emphasizes that the effectiveness of innovation under uncertainty depends on firms’ adaptive capabilities. The ability to sense environmental changes, reconfigure resources, and integrate new knowledge has become a central determinant of sustainable entrepreneurial performance. Consequently, innovation-driven development should be examined not only from a technological perspective but also through the lenses of strategic management, organizational learning, and risk governance. Uncertainty and risk constitute fundamental features of entrepreneurship in market-based economies. Their emergence is associated both with objective economic processes and with limitations in information availability and cognitive capacity. Uncertainty arises when economic actors face complex environments in which future developments cannot be fully anticipated or quantified, while risk refers to situations where probabilistic assessment of outcomes is possible. In contemporary economies, sources of uncertainty have become increasingly diverse and interconnected. Macroeconomic instability, rapid technological change, regulatory transformation, and global disruptions collectively shape an environment in which entrepreneurial decisions are exposed to systemic risks. As a result, uncertainty is no longer confined to isolated events but becomes a persistent condition influencing strategic planning and operational performance. Technological change represents a particularly significant source of uncertainty. Digital transformation alters business models, value creation mechanisms, and competitive dynamics, often faster than regulatory and institutional frameworks can adapt. For entrepreneurs, this creates challenges related to investment timing, technology selection, and market acceptance. Consequently, uncertainty increasingly affects not only innovation outcomes but also the broader trajectory of entrepreneurial development. Under such conditions, traditional forecasting and planning tools lose effectiveness. Entrepreneurial success depends less on precise prediction and more on flexibility, learning capacity, and the ability to adjust strategies in response to