Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ― German Ukrainian Forum on Reconstruction and Innovation‖ (March 23-25, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Dresden, Germany, 2026. - 135 p.

46 Table 1. Comparison of methods across all-in-one analysis Aspect EaaS PSS SDL PC Ownership Provider Provider Shared responsibility Customer or shared Payment model Subscription/pay- per-use Access-based fees Service fees Outcome-based payments Focus Energy outcomes Integrated solutions Service relationships Guaranteed efficiency/savings Risk On provider On provider Collaborative On provider Sustainability High High Context-dependent High Customer interaction Moderate High High Moderate Each approach has unique strengths and is suited to different contexts, such as large-scale industrial energy systems, small business energy management, or residential clean energy solutions. REFERENCES: 1. Yevtukhova T., Novoseltsev O. (2026). System analysis of service-oriented transformation methods and models of regional energy systems in the context of efficiency, profitability, and resilience. System Research in Energy, 1 (85), 85- 93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2026.01.085. 2. Eutukhova T. O., Kovalko O. M., Novoseltsev O. V. (2022). Energy-Related Services as a Business: Eco-Transformation Logic to Support the Low-Carbon Transition. Energy Engineering, 119(1), 103-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32604/EE.2022.017709. 3. Bielokha H., Chupryna L., Denisyuk S., Eutukhova T., Novoseltsev O. (2023). Hybrid Energy Systems and the Logic of Their Service-Dominant Implementation: Screening the Pathway to Improve Results. Energy Engineering, 120(6), 1307-1323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.32604/ee.2023.025863.