Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ― German Ukrainian Forum on Reconstruction and Innovation‖ (March 23-25, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Dresden, Germany, 2026. - 135 p.

62 landscapes. They proposed classes of loads: mechanical (removal of material during mining, soil compaction under the influence of heavy agricultural machinery, grazing or activities of recreationists); geochemical (introduction or elimination of certain chemical elements), biotic (elimination of biological products, change in the structure and species composition of communities), energy (direct heat emissions or indirect violation of the heat balance). When studying and assessing the components of anthropotechnogenic load on protected areas, it is necessary to take into account the indicators of population density and settlements of the adjacent territory, the density of emissions from stationary and mobile sources, the density of wastewater discharge and plowed territory and the density of transport routes. All of the above indicators are related. Thus, the change in population density corresponds to the level of development of the territory, the intensity of economic activity. An increase in the population of the territory leads to an increase in the consumption of natural resources (water, land); increase in the vehicle fleet and length of transport routes, the amount of industrial and municipal waste. Man, without creating new components, brings only new elements to the landscape structure of the territory - agricultural land, quarries, reservoirs. But among such elements there are objects of artificial (buildings, roads, communications) and natural (species and communities of plants and animals) origin. Any new elements introduced by human economic activity into the natural subsystem act in it as similar to natural objects. Performing a variety of functions, such new elements are at the same time affected by natural processes. For example, artificial structures are weathered, reservoirs evaporate water, are filled with sediments and overgrown, cultural phytocoenoses are under pressure from natural vegetation and fauna. As the Ukrainian scientist I. V. Lytovchenko notes: the main feature of the new elements is the inability to exist independently without constant human support. Therefore, any landscape created or changed by man is unstable due to the lack of a mechanism of self-regulation in it [13, p. 92-94].