Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, technology and art in global context‖ (October 14-16, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Warsaw, Poland, 2025. - 72 p.

24 where advocates not only practiced law but also participated in social and educational activities. Advocates of Southern Ukraine in the late 19th – early 20th centuries actively contributed to the development of civil society. They took part in the activities of local self-government institutions, published legal articles in the press, and promoted legal culture among the population. Among the most prominent lawyers of that period were Mykola Paliienko , Oleksandr Levytskyi , Ivan Sakharov, and Volodymyr Kyselov, who combined legal practice with public and academic work [2]. The influence of advocates’ unions was evident not only in the legal but also in the political sphere. On the eve of the Revolution of 1905, lawyers became active participants in the movement for political freedoms, the autonomy of the judiciary, and the expansion of citizens’ rights. The advocates’ unions of Southern Ukraine played an important role in establishing the principles of legality, legal protection, and judicial independence. Their activities contributed to:  the affirmation of professional standards of the Bar;  the formation of corporate culture and ethical codes;  the development of legal education and the enhancement of public legal literacy. These organizations became the foundation for the revival of the self-governing Bar under the conditions of Ukrainian statehood in the 20th century [3]. Thus, in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century, the advocacy of Southern Ukraine evolved from its initial formation to institutional establishment. Through the activities of advocates’ unions, councils, and societies, the foundations of professional independence, mutual support, and disciplinary responsibility were laid. The advocates of Southern Ukraine played a significant role in shaping national legal culture, developing judicial practice, and strengthening democratic principles of justice. Their work became an important chapter in the history of Ukrainian advocacy, combining professional competence with civic engagement.