Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, Technology and Culture: From Tradition to Digital Future‖ (December 8-10, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Vienna, Austria, 2025. – 183 p.

134 efficiency, optimize energy storage processes, and adapt systems to wartime conditions. Supporting innovation in this area will enable Ukraine not only to import technologies but also to become a producer of them. During the war, Ukraine's energy system sustained significant damage, threatening the stability of energy supply and the country's economic security. The district heating system, which serves more than a third of households, proved particularly vulnerable. Its high dependence on natural gas and thermal power plants makes it vulnerable to external influences and supply disruptions. The financial problems of the industry have been exacerbated by the accumulation of substantial debts caused by the policy of subsidizing heat tariffs. The government commitment mechanism introduced in 2022 provided temporary stabilization by supplying gas at reduced prices, but simultaneously increased the financial burden on the state-owned monopoly Naftogaz. The debt of heating companies has reached over $2.6 billion, requiring restructuring and additional investment [16]. The 2024 energy crisis was exacerbated by an electricity shortage, with total generation capacity unable to cover peak demand of 12 gigawatts, even with imports from abroad. In many regions, this led to power outages lasting up to several hours a day, negatively impacting economic activity and the daily lives of citizens. International support in the form of necessary equipment supplies became critical for keeping the energy system operational [1]. According to the Kyiv School of Economics, the energy sector has suffered the greatest losses due to hostilities, with restoration costs estimated at approximately $56 billion and rising. Significant losses have also been recorded in the oil, gas, and coal industries, as well as in the district heating system. Funding for these restoration works is expected to come from international assistance provided by the EU, the World Bank, the IMF, and other donors, as well as potential reparations from Russia, which requires the development of appropriate legal mechanisms [10].