Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, Technology and Culture: From Tradition to Digital Future‖ (December 8-10, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Vienna, Austria, 2025. – 183 p.

64 Modern military conflicts are characterized by high intensity, the use of high- precision weapons, information technologies, and electronic warfare systems. Under such conditions, the civilian population becomes one of the most vulnerable groups, as hostilities are often conducted in densely populated areas. Risk assessment for civilians in military conflicts is therefore of particular relevance, as it enables the timely identification of threats, forecasting of consequences, and the development of effective protection strategies. In the context of military conflicts, the concept of ―risk‖ is interpreted as the probability of the occurrence of harmful events that may lead to loss of life, deterioration of health, destruction of infrastructure, or socio-economic destabilization. Risk assessment involves the analysis of three key components: the threat as a potential source of harm; vulnerability as the degree of susceptibility of the population; consequences as the possible outcomes of the impact of the threat. Scientific research indicates that risk assessment requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates military sciences, sociology, geoinformation technologies, psychology, and disaster medicine. Risks to the civilian population in wartime conditions can be divided into several groups:  physical risks, which include the risks of being affected by high-precision weapons, shelling, bombardment, landmine contamination, and the destruction of critically important facilities (hospitals, schools, energy hubs);  humanitarian risks, which imply that the population may face shortages of food and medicines, disruption of access to water and heating, and large-scale population displacement;  psychological risks, which include post-traumatic stress disorders, psychological instability among children and adolescents, and the general demoralization of society;  information risks, understood as risks associated with disinformation, enemy psychological operations, disruption of communications, and limited access to information about the security situation;