Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, Technology and Culture in the Era of Globalization‖ (December 24-26, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Geneva, Switzerland, 2026. – 234 p.

10 States and the European Union, where it supported accelerated approval pathways for biological medicines [5, p. 84]. Under pressure from the pharmaceutical sector, regulatory authorities, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), introduced fast-track approval and conditional approval mechanisms. These mechanisms allow innovative medicines to reach the market faster based on limited clinical data. Although such reforms are officially justified by the need to stimulate innovation and accelerate patient access to new therapies, they simultaneously reflect the interests of transnational corporations by reducing regulatory costs and risks [5, p. 86]. Thus, the influence of TNCs in agricultural biotechnology manifests not only in patent control but also in shaping the very scientific framework within which the acceptability and direction of technological development are defined [6, p. 725]. At the same time, TNCs generate both challenges and benefits. They create concentrated markets and patent barriers, but they also accelerate technological progress, ensure global access to innovations, and stimulate the development of talent and scientific infrastructure [5, pp. 181-183]. A promising direction for future development is strengthening TRIPS flexibility, which would allow countries to more effectively balance innovation incentives with public health protection. Mechanisms such as compulsory licensing, parallel importation, research exemptions, and local production provisions contribute to the development of national capacities and reduce dependence on global corporations, while simultaneously supporting the innovation cycles of transnational companies [1, pp. 950-952]. Support for open science and the creation of public platforms for biological data and genetic libraries reduces dependence on private technological systems, accelerates scientific progress, and promotes global knowledge exchange. Regional innovation networks in Africa, Latin America, and Asia enable the pooling of resources, standardization of safety assessment procedures, and implementation of