Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, Technology and Culture in the Era of Globalization‖ (December 24-26, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Geneva, Switzerland, 2026. – 234 p.

11 joint scientific projects, thereby strengthening the autonomy of national systems [8, p. 785]. Regulation of corporate influence, including lobbying transparency, strict conflict-of-interest rules, and mandatory disclosure of clinical trial data, ensures balanced participation of TNCs in scientific development. Taken together, these measures create conditions for combining innovation development, technological progress, and protection of public interests at the global level [5, p. 126]. Thus, transnational corporations play a central and increasingly powerful role in shaping the global biotechnology innovation system. Their influence on patent rules, regulatory standards, and national science policy has significant implications for innovation, competition, and global equity. Although TNCs undoubtedly stimulate technological progress, their dominance creates significant governance challenges, including market concentration, limited access to essential technologies, and the risk of shifting national research priorities toward private interests. Ensuring that biotechnology serves both commercial and public goals requires a balanced approach that strengthens institutional oversight, supports open science, enhances policy flexibility, and promotes international cooperation. The future of global biotechnology will depend not only on scientific breakthroughs but also on political decisions regarding the governance of knowledge, technology, and innovation. REFERENCES: 1. Abbott F. M., Reichman J. H. ―The Doha Round’s public health legacy: strategies for the production and diffusion of patented medicines under the amended TRIPS provisions‖. Journal of International Economic Law . 2007. Vol. 10, no. 4. pp. 921-987. 2. Boldrin M., Levine D. K. ―Against intellectual monopoly‖. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press , 2008. 298 p. 3. Gereffi G. ―Global value chains and international development policy‖ Journal of International Business Policy . 2020. Vol. 3, no. 2. pp. 195-210.