Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Paris Science and Education Forum‖ (March 2-4, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Paris, France, 2026. - 293 p.

249 medullary carcinomas. High-grade malignancy is defined by ≥5 mitoses per 2 mm² or the presence of necrotic areas [7, 8]. Molecular biomarkers play a key role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of TC by detecting specific genetic or molecular alterations in thyroid cells. The most significant markers include mutations in RET, BRAF, and RAS genes, which assist in treatment planning, predicting disease progression, and guiding surgical interventions. The use of molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, genome sequencing, and mass spectrometry supports therapy personalization and enhances the accuracy of clinical decision-making [9, 10]. Nanotechnologies hold significant potential in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors, including thyroid cancer (TC), as they can enhance diagnostic accuracy, facilitate early detection, and improve disease monitoring. The main research directions include: • Nanoparticles for tumor imaging (nanoimaging). Magneto-responsive nanoparticles can accumulate in tumor tissues due to passive effects associated with microcirculation characteristics. Once accumulated, they can be utilized for magnetic resonance imaging, enhancing contrast and allowing more precise determination of tumor size and localization. Some nanoparticles also emit light, which can be used for fluorescent imaging during surgical resection or for monitoring tumor progression. Currently, these technologies are in clinical research stages but show promising prospects for broader implementation in the near future [11]. • Nanorobots. Microscopic machines introduced into the body that interact with cells can be applied for targeted drug delivery or removal of pathological tissues, offering potential for both therapeutic intervention and more precise diagnosis of TC [12]. • Nanosensors. Sensors based on nanomaterials can detect specific tumor biomarkers, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles, enabling early detection of TC and improving treatment monitoring. One example is the targeted Affi body-Au-Tripod nanosensor, which allows photoacoustic imaging of EGFR-