Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science and Global Development‖ (February 20-22, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Barcelona, Spain, 2026. - 229 p.

81 Table 1. Main Standardized Testing Methods for Mechanical Materials and Systems, Their Characteristics and Fields of Application No. Testing Method Method Characteristics Main Determined Parameters Field of Application 1 2 3 4 5 1 Static tensile, compressive, and bending tests Application of load to a specimen at a constant rate until failure or until limiting deformations are reached. The methodology regulates specimen geometry, loading rate, fixation conditions, and data processing procedures. Ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation at break, reduction of area Mechanical engineering, building structures, transport engineering, aerospace and shipbuilding, material certification testing 2 Hardness testing (Rockwell method) Determination of hardness by indenting an indenter under a specified load with measurement of penetration depth. The standardized scale ensures comparability of results. Hardness (HRB, HRC, etc.), indirect assessment of strength Quality control of metals and alloys, heat treatment of components, serial production in mechanical engineering 3 Biaxial testing (Ball- on-ring, Ball-on- three-balls) The specimen is subjected to a multiaxial stress state using spherical supports or rings. Enables evaluation of strength under more realistic conditions approximating operational loads. Strength under multiaxial loading, fracture toughness, ultimate stress Research of ceramics, composite materials, thin-walled elements, aerospace and defense industries 4 Wear testing (tribological tests) Simulation of friction conditions between contacting surfaces under specified load and sliding speed. Mass loss, wear depth, or friction coefficient is evaluated. Wear rate, friction coefficient, wear resistance Bearings, gear transmissions, engine components, transport systems, certification of friction units Source: compiled by the authors based on [1; 2; 3; 4; 5]. At the same time, the rapid development of mechanical engineering, the aerospace industry, energy production, and other high-technology industrial sectors is accompanied by increasing demands for the reliability, durability, and safety of mechanical materials. Under these conditions, standardized testing methodologies