Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, Technology and Culture: Interdisciplinary Dialogue and New Paradigms‖ (December 1-3, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Astana, Kazakhstan, 2025. – 62 p.

25 The vegan diet increases beneficial species like bifidobacterium, prevotella, coriobacteriaceae, ruminococcus and akkermansia while reducing enterobacteria and streptococcus . They produce short chain fatty acids (scfa) like butyrate and propionate, which help in strengthening intestinal barrier and lower inflammation. In contrast poor diets together with stress smoking and alcohol raises proinflammatory cytokines and increase harmful species like proteobacteria. Regular physical activity is another important non-pharmacological modulator. Exercise increases the abundance of lentispher,coriobacteriaceae, ruminococcus, akkermansi. Good sleep supports microbial diversity, while social stress will reduce it and decrease lactobacillus . [2, 3] Drugs and pharmacology agents highlighted that a lot of commonly used medications influence on gut microbiota significantly. Antibiotics can decrease total bacterial diversity and beneficial Firmicutes increasing proteobacteria and resistance genes. Steroids, PPI’s, laxatives, and antidepressants all shift the microbial balance; therefore, a physician should always consider these contraindications when prescribing long-term treatment. [4] There are main pharmacological and biological approved tools as: prebiotics, especially such as inulin, galacto-oligosaccharides, polyphenols promote growth of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and f aecalibacterium , increase scfa synthesis and reduce inflammatory markers. Probiotics especially lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, saccharomyces boulardii support intestinal barrier function.Parprobiotics (non-viable but biologically active microbial cell) and postbiotics are new and safer alternatives as they avoid risks of live bacterial therapy while maintaining immune and metabolic functions. Synbiotics combine probiotics and prebiotics for synergistic effects. Fecal microbiota transplantation - transfer of healthy donor microbiota it is already approved for clostridium difficile infection. [5] Recent scientific reviews emphasized: there is no one-size-fits-all solution for gut microbiota correction. All those factors genetic predisposition, lifestyle, diets, immunity, medical and drug history, physiological and mental stress determine how the persons microbiome will react to treatment. For example, one patient can benefit