Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference “Science, Technology and Culture: Strategies for Sustainable Development” (December 15-17, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Krakow, Poland, 2025. – 120 p.

88 Modern linguistics defines phraseological units through a set of basic features. The study of this phenomenon dates back to the work of the Swiss scholar Charles Bally, who first systematized stable word combinations. His scientific approach was inherited and developed by a number of European scholars, such as Jennifer Ivory and Rosemary Moon. The central system-forming feature is stability, manifested in the fixedness of the linguistic form of a phrase. This is realized through the lexical aspect - the prohibition on substituting components:  it is unacceptable to say « to kick the pail » instead of the idiomatic « to kick the bucket »;  grammatical aspect - the fixation of certain forms is used « to be in theseventh heaven» , not « in the seventh heavens »;  syntactic aspect - strict word order, the structure of « law and order », not « order and law ». Another fundamental feature is reproducibility, which means that phraseological units are not created anew in speech, but are extracted from the memory of speakers as a ready-made unit, just as a complete block « to be at about the bush ». Finally, an important characteristic remains its separate structure - the structural organization of a phraseological unit as a combination of at least two full-fledged words, which distinguishes it from a word and organically links phraseology with syntax. The complexity of phraseological units in the English language determines the existence of various approaches to their classification. One of the fundamental approaches is semantic classification. This approach identifies phraseological units, or idioms, whose meaning is not at all derived from the meanings of their constituent words, such as « to kick the bucket» or « to rain cats and dogs» . Phraseological units, on the contrary, have a figurative meaning, which is potentially motivated by the meanings of the components, but is realized only in a figurative sense, which is illustrated by the phrases « to burn bridges» or « to swim against the current» .