Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference “Science, Technology and Culture: Strategies for Sustainable Development” (December 15-17, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Krakow, Poland, 2025. – 120 p.

91 enriched English with vivid images, such as « the game is not worth the candle» , reflecting practical wisdom. Spanish borrowings such as « as blue blood» , brought in elements of social stratification and aristocratic culture [5]. American borrowings constitute a special group, reflecting the specific development of the English language in North America. The expression « bury the hatchet» , borrowed from indigenous practices, illustrates the process of adapting elements of another culture. Historical events and personalities are vividly reflected in English phraseology, creating a unique linguistic chronicle of the nation. A typical example is the expression « Tom o'Bedlam», meaning a madman or a lunatic, originates from the London psychiatric hospital «Bedlam» (Bethlem Royal Hospital), where released patients often became vagabonds, begging for alms. The geographical and social characteristics of England are also imprinted in phraseological units, creating a unique cultural and geographical code. The expression « to send to Coventry », meaning boycott and cessation of communication, is connected with the history of the city of Coventry, where during the English Revolution royalist prisoners were sent into exile, where they were subjected to complete social ostracism. Let's examine the figurative national and cultural specificity of phraseological units in the language of modern English-language articles. Journalists most often use phraseological units in journalistic texts not as neutral elements, but as a tool for indirectly influencing the reader, imbuing them with important evaluative and semantic load.  Creating imagery and expression. A striking example is the use of the phrase « Achilles' heel» in the NewYorkTimes in the context of political criticism: «SantorumhasdoneagoodjobinpointingoutthatAchilles' heelinRomneycare». This expression, rooted in ancient mythology, is an international cultural code denoting a vulnerable spot. Its use allows a journalist to succinctly yet clearly identify a political opponent's weakness, lending weight and historical and cultural context to the statement. Another example is the idiom « to get someone's blood boiling », also found