Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, Technology and Culture: Interaction, Evolution and Progress‖ (December 21-23, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Copenhagen, Denmark, 2026. – 161 p.

22 commerce itself. The current discourse, although rich in scientific contributions, still lacks a universally accepted terminological baseline. Conceptual views on business models vary based on their primary focus. Magretta [1] in Slávik [2] interprets the model through the lens of operational logic, emphasizing how a firm functions as a structured system. In contrast, Afuah [3] adopts a more finance-oriented perspective, defining the model as a mechanism specifically designed for wealth creation, where profitability is dictated by the interplay of industry positioning and internal resource allocation (Fig 1, 2). Figure 1. Three elements of a conventional business model [1, 2] Afuah's concept talks about the components of a business model as determinants of profitability, which are industry factors, the position of the company in the industry, and then the activities, resources and costs of the company (Fig 2). Figure 2. Elements of a business model [2, 3]