Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science, Technology and Culture: Interaction, Evolution and Progress‖ (December 21-23, 2025) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Copenhagen, Denmark, 2026. – 161 p.

23 Others [2, 4, 5] see a business model as a method by which a business makes money in a business environment, or as a certain structure of economic activities - cash flowing in and out of the business for various purposes and timing, which dictates the earning or loss of money and the ability to offer attractive returns to investors. In short, a business model is the economic underpinning of a business in all its aspects. A common thread among diverse theoretical frameworks [2, 4, 5] is the dual nature of the business model. It typically integrates a value-creation system with a revenue engine. This synergy ensures that the company not only delivers utility to the target segment (customers) but also maintains long-term economic viability through optimized cost structures and sales strategies. A business system is a system of activities that a company creates to create its products for target customers. A company's profit model is essentially a strategic plan. A company's business system is not just a supply system, it is much more, it is a learning system. Most definitions include three separate elements. These are the products offered to the customer, the way the company is organized (to produce and deliver the product to the customer), and the way the value is produced, i.e. the profit or revenue model. The definitions then differ in the emphasis on these elements. A business model also depicts the company as a place of decisions and their consequences; it is also a set of resources and activities that are necessary for creating value (benefit) for customers. A business model can also be open and include partners. The economic concept of the model emphasizes the economics of the business - costs and revenues. The system or conceptual approach emphasizes resources, processes and benefits for the customer, creating a broader view of the business model (Fig. 3).